Fumonisin B1

It is produced by Fusarium fungi and causes pulmonary oedema that impairs respiratory and heart function at high concentrations. It also reduces feed intake and growth of animals.

Ergotamine

It is produced by Claviceps purpurea. The symptoms are associated with a poor growth rate, general depression and an increase of the respiratory rate. Laminitis is common, due to hoof necrosis.

Detection, identification and control of mycotoxins

It must be identified the type and concentration of mycotoxins present in the grains before the harvest. A careful harvest will avoid the grain damage and will allow its correct drying. It is also advisable a good ventilation, insect control and temperature control. Manger must be cleaned frequently. Feed samples should be taken after grind and mix the components and send them periodically to laboratory in order to detect the presence of mycotoxins.

If there is a suspicion of the presence of mycotoxins, feed must be withdrawn immediately. The origin of the feed must be changed, check storage pits, grinders, feeders and clean them.

Another complementary method is to perform a biological treatment with inhibitors as organic acids (propionic) or mycotoxins absorbent materials as bentonite, aluminosilicate, zeolite, which prevent the intestinal absorption of mycotoxins. There is also a product derived from yeast, glucomanane ester, with a strong effect against aflatoxins and a broad spectrum against the other mycotoxins.