Protein and energetic deficiency have influence on semen production and libido due to a low plasmatic concentration of 17B oestradiol, a lack of lysine, methionine and tryptophan that produce cytologic and histologic changes at testis level with damage on spermatogenesis and sperm quality.
Regarding minerals we have to pay attention to the correct relationship between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), (1,3-1,5) for a good bone development and a correct stance. lack of phosphorus produces muscular weakness, joint stiffness and fertility loss . Sodium is an essential ion. Usually with 0,3-0,5 % of sodium chlorine in the feed, the requirements of the boars are covered. a chlorine excess affects the electrolytic balance, because it produces an acid medium. To avoid this, it is advisable to use sodium bicarbonate to reduce acidity and bone calcification problems. Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) are generally found in abundance in all the raw material used.
Zinc has an important influence on the spermatogenesis, on the chromatin decondensation process, on the Leydig cell maturation process, on the luteinizing hormone response and on the steroid production. recommended levels are between 100-125 ppm. Selenium keeps spermatozoon membrane integrity and produces positive effect on sperm motility. Adecuate levels should be around 0,2-0,25 ppm.